Recherche de chemins multiobjectifs pour la conception et la réalisation d'une centrale de mobilité destinée aux cyclistes
نویسنده
چکیده
The work presented in this thesis aims at proposing methods for computing bicycle paths across a metropolitan. Unlike the problem of the classical shortest path, here the context is multiobjective because several criteria such as distance, safety and effort must be considered in the path computation. In a multiobjective problem, there is no single solution, but a set of compromise solutions. Then, the difficulty is to compute paths under a time constraint of a few seconds, in order to integrate the computation in the respond-time of a web page for example. Two approaches were discussed to solve this problem. The first one is an a posteriori approach where all compromise solutions are computed. A classical method of the literature is presented here and improved by using preprocessing. The proposed improvements are based on single objective shortest path searches in order to compute lower and upper bounds on the costs of paths from all nodes to the target node. The second approach is an a priori method that takes user preferences into account to focus on the computation of the best compromise solution. The method allows to guide the search by the selection of the most promising sub-paths first, according to the user preferences. Finally, we propose to model the road network as a line graph to take into account new criteria such as travel time or the linearity of the path and new constraints as prohibited turns. To take into account these new criteria and constraints, it’s necessary to define costs on the nodes, on the arcs and on arc sequences. All this work was necessary to develop the service Géovélo, which is a multiobjective route planner adapted to bicycle. The service is available on a website and as mobile applications.
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تاریخ انتشار 2011